Integrating Scholarship

Integral citation includes the name of the authors you’re citing as part of your sentence: 

This approach puts the reader’s attention onto the author you’re citing, emphasising that it is someone’s opinion. You might want to draw attention to the author in this way because they are an authority and you want their weight behind your point (“ah, well, if Ennis says so, then it’s reliable”) OR because you want to suggest that this is just an opinion, as you are about to critique it or compare it to a different perspective by someone else (“well, Ennis may say that, but it’s just his view, and he’s contradicted by other evidence”). The way you comment on the citation will steer the reader as to your own views.  

Non-integral citation removes the author’s name from the flow of your sentence, and tucks it away in the reference, often, but not necessarily, at the end:  

Placing the author’s name in a less conspicuous place puts the emphasis more on the idea than the individual. This can make it sound more authoritative and matter of fact, something you want the reader to accept, rather than question. This usage indicates that you agree with the original source and are using it to support your thinking.